Everything about Primitive Biology totally explained
Primitive is a descriptive term often used in the field of
evolution to describe particular
species or
traits that are older on the evolutionary scale of development, often relative to more recent developments. For example,
prokaryotes such as
bacteria are often described as primitive because they're older in the evolutionary time scale, and are less complex than later
organisms such as
eukaryotes.
This term has fallen out of favor with some
evolutionary biologists, since it implies that the evolutionary scale is a "ladder" in which each new addition is superior than organisms in the lower rungs. The argument against this limited interpretation is that far more recent or complex organisms are not always superior to older, simpler organisms. For example,
archaea, forms of
prokaryotic organisms, are able to survive efficiently in a much broader range of extreme environments than can "advanced" humans. It is for this reason that many biologists prefer the dichotomy of simple vs. complex, where the evolutionary complexity of organismal functions determines the relationship between "sets," rather than "levels," of the evolutionary process.
In modern biology,
phylogeny, the study of evolutionary relationships, takes the form of extending branches. Instead of having the evolutionary system as a division between higher (superior) and lower (inferior) organisms, each branch extends outwards to represent temporal and developmental distance. The preferred term for
cladists is
basal; its
antonym is
derived.
Further Information
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